Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Keywords:
Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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#!/usr/bin/python3
#
# This file is part of pysmi software.
#
# Copyright (c) 2015-2018, Ilya Etingof <etingof@gmail.com>
# License: http://snmplabs.com/pysmi/license.html
#
# SNMP SMI/MIB data management tool
#
import os
import sys
import getopt
from pysmi.reader import getReadersFromUrls
from pysmi.searcher import AnyFileSearcher, PyFileSearcher, PyPackageSearcher, StubSearcher
from pysmi.borrower import AnyFileBorrower, PyFileBorrower
from pysmi.writer import PyFileWriter, FileWriter, CallbackWriter
from pysmi.parser import SmiV1CompatParser
from pysmi.codegen import PySnmpCodeGen, JsonCodeGen, NullCodeGen
from pysmi.compiler import MibCompiler
from pysmi import debug
from pysmi import error
# sysexits.h
EX_OK = 0
EX_USAGE = 64
EX_SOFTWARE = 70
EX_MIB_MISSING = 79
EX_MIB_FAILED = 79
# Defaults
verboseFlag = True
mibSources = []
doFuzzyMatchingFlag = True
mibSearchers = []
mibStubs = []
mibBorrowers = []
dstFormat = None
dstDirectory = None
cacheDirectory = ''
nodepsFlag = False
rebuildFlag = False
dryrunFlag = False
genMibTextsFlag = False
keepTextsLayout = False
pyCompileFlag = True
pyOptimizationLevel = 0
ignoreErrorsFlag = False
buildIndexFlag = False
writeMibsFlag = True
helpMessage = """\
Usage: %s [--help]
[--version]
[--quiet]
[--debug=<%s>]
[--mib-source=<URI>]
[--mib-searcher=<PATH|PACKAGE>]
[--mib-stub=<MIB-NAME>]
[--mib-borrower=<PATH>]
[--destination-format=<FORMAT>]
[--destination-directory=<DIRECTORY>]
[--cache-directory=<DIRECTORY>]
[--disable-fuzzy-source]
[--no-dependencies]
[--no-python-compile]
[--python-optimization-level]
[--ignore-errors]
[--build-index]
[--rebuild]
[--dry-run]
[--no-mib-writes]
[--generate-mib-texts]
[--keep-texts-layout]
<MIB-NAME> [MIB-NAME [...]]]
Where:
URI - file, zip, http, https, ftp, sftp schemes are supported.
Use @mib@ placeholder token in URI to refer directly to
the required MIB module when source does not support
directory listing (e.g. HTTP).
FORMAT - pysnmp, json, null""" % (
sys.argv[0],
'|'.join([x for x in sorted(debug.flagMap)])
)
try:
opts, inputMibs = getopt.getopt(
sys.argv[1:], 'hv',
['help', 'version', 'quiet', 'debug=',
'mib-source=', 'mib-searcher=', 'mib-stub=', 'mib-borrower=',
'destination-format=', 'destination-directory=', 'cache-directory=',
'no-dependencies', 'no-python-compile', 'python-optimization-level=',
'ignore-errors', 'build-index', 'rebuild', 'dry-run', 'no-mib-writes',
'generate-mib-texts', 'disable-fuzzy-source', 'keep-texts-layout']
)
except getopt.GetoptError:
if verboseFlag:
sys.stderr.write('ERROR: %s\r\n%s\r\n' % (sys.exc_info()[1], helpMessage))
sys.exit(EX_USAGE)
for opt in opts:
if opt[0] == '-h' or opt[0] == '--help':
sys.stderr.write("""\
Synopsis:
SNMP SMI/MIB files conversion tool
Documentation:
http://snmplabs.com/pysmi
%s
""" % helpMessage)
sys.exit(EX_OK)
if opt[0] == '-v' or opt[0] == '--version':
from pysmi import __version__
sys.stderr.write("""\
SNMP SMI/MIB library version %s, written by Ilya Etingof <etingof@gmail.com>
Python interpreter: %s
Software documentation and support at http://snmplabs.com/pysmi
%s
""" % (__version__, sys.version, helpMessage))
sys.exit(EX_OK)
if opt[0] == '--quiet':
verboseFlag = False
if opt[0] == '--debug':
debug.setLogger(debug.Debug(*opt[1].split(',')))
if opt[0] == '--mib-source':
mibSources.append(opt[1])
if opt[0] == '--mib-searcher':
mibSearchers.append(opt[1])
if opt[0] == '--mib-stub':
mibStubs.append(opt[1])
if opt[0] == '--mib-borrower':
mibBorrowers.append((opt[1], genMibTextsFlag))
if opt[0] == '--destination-format':
dstFormat = opt[1]
if opt[0] == '--destination-directory':
dstDirectory = opt[1]
if opt[0] == '--cache-directory':
cacheDirectory = opt[1]
if opt[0] == '--no-dependencies':
nodepsFlag = True
if opt[0] == '--no-python-compile':
pyCompileFlag = False
if opt[0] == '--python-optimization-level':
try:
pyOptimizationLevel = int(opt[1])
except ValueError:
sys.stderr.write('ERROR: known Python optimization levels: -1, 0, 1, 2\r\n%s\r\n' % helpMessage)
sys.exit(EX_USAGE)
if opt[0] == '--ignore-errors':
ignoreErrorsFlag = True
if opt[0] == '--build-index':
buildIndexFlag = True
if opt[0] == '--rebuild':
rebuildFlag = True
if opt[0] == '--dry-run':
dryrunFlag = True
if opt[0] == '--no-mib-writes':
writeMibsFlag = False
if opt[0] == '--generate-mib-texts':
genMibTextsFlag = True
if opt[0] == '--disable-fuzzy-source':
doFuzzyMatchingFlag = False
if opt[0] == '--keep-texts-layout':
keepTextsLayout = True
if not mibSources:
mibSources = ['file:///usr/share/snmp/mibs',
'http://mibs.snmplabs.com/asn1/@mib@']
if inputMibs:
mibSources = sorted(
set([os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(x))
for x in inputMibs
if os.path.sep in x])
) + mibSources
inputMibs = [os.path.basename(os.path.splitext(x)[0]) for x in inputMibs]
if not inputMibs:
sys.stderr.write('ERROR: MIB modules names not specified\r\n%s\r\n' % helpMessage)
sys.exit(EX_USAGE)
if not dstFormat:
dstFormat = 'pysnmp'
if dstFormat == 'pysnmp':
if not mibSearchers:
mibSearchers = PySnmpCodeGen.defaultMibPackages
if not mibStubs:
mibStubs = [x for x in PySnmpCodeGen.baseMibs if x not in PySnmpCodeGen.fakeMibs]
if not mibBorrowers:
mibBorrowers = [('http://mibs.snmplabs.com/pysnmp/notexts/@mib@', False),
('http://mibs.snmplabs.com/pysnmp/fulltexts/@mib@', True)]
if not dstDirectory:
dstDirectory = os.path.expanduser("~")
if sys.platform[:3] == 'win':
dstDirectory = os.path.join(dstDirectory, 'PySNMP Configuration', 'mibs')
else:
dstDirectory = os.path.join(dstDirectory, '.pysnmp', 'mibs')
# Compiler infrastructure
borrowers = [PyFileBorrower(x[1], genTexts=mibBorrowers[x[0]][1])
for x in enumerate(getReadersFromUrls(*[m[0] for m in mibBorrowers], **dict(lowcaseMatching=False)))]
searchers = [PyFileSearcher(dstDirectory)]
for mibSearcher in mibSearchers:
searchers.append(PyPackageSearcher(mibSearcher))
searchers.append(StubSearcher(*mibStubs))
codeGenerator = PySnmpCodeGen()
fileWriter = PyFileWriter(dstDirectory).setOptions(pyCompile=pyCompileFlag,
pyOptimizationLevel=pyOptimizationLevel)
elif dstFormat == 'json':
if not mibStubs:
mibStubs = JsonCodeGen.baseMibs
if not mibBorrowers:
mibBorrowers = [('http://mibs.snmplabs.com/json/notexts/@mib@', False),
('http://mibs.snmplabs.com/json/fulltexts/@mib@', True)]
if not dstDirectory:
dstDirectory = os.path.join('.')
# Compiler infrastructure
borrowers = [AnyFileBorrower(x[1], genTexts=mibBorrowers[x[0]][1]).setOptions(exts=['.json'])
for x in enumerate(getReadersFromUrls(*[m[0] for m in mibBorrowers], **dict(lowcaseMatching=False)))]
searchers = [AnyFileSearcher(dstDirectory).setOptions(exts=['.json']), StubSearcher(*mibStubs)]
codeGenerator = JsonCodeGen()
fileWriter = FileWriter(dstDirectory).setOptions(suffix='.json')
elif dstFormat == 'null':
if not mibStubs:
mibStubs = NullCodeGen.baseMibs
if not mibBorrowers:
mibBorrowers = [('http://mibs.snmplabs.com/null/notexts/@mib@', False),
('http://mibs.snmplabs.com/null/fulltexts/@mib@', True)]
if not dstDirectory:
dstDirectory = ''
# Compiler infrastructure
codeGenerator = NullCodeGen()
searchers = [StubSearcher(*mibStubs)]
borrowers = [AnyFileBorrower(x[1], genTexts=mibBorrowers[x[0]][1])
for x in enumerate(getReadersFromUrls(*[m[0] for m in mibBorrowers], **dict(lowcaseMatching=False)))]
fileWriter = CallbackWriter(lambda *x: None)
else:
sys.stderr.write('ERROR: unknown destination format: %s\r\n%s\r\n' % (dstFormat, helpMessage))
sys.exit(EX_USAGE)
if verboseFlag:
sys.stderr.write("""Source MIB repositories: %s
Borrow missing/failed MIBs from: %s
Existing/compiled MIB locations: %s
Compiled MIBs destination directory: %s
MIBs excluded from code generation: %s
MIBs to compile: %s
Destination format: %s
Parser grammar cache directory: %s
Also compile all relevant MIBs: %s
Rebuild MIBs regardless of age: %s
Dry run mode: %s
Create/update MIBs: %s
Byte-compile Python modules: %s (optimization level %s)
Ignore compilation errors: %s
Generate OID->MIB index: %s
Generate texts in MIBs: %s
Keep original texts layout: %s
Try various file names while searching for MIB module: %s
""" % (', '.join(mibSources),
', '.join([x[0] for x in mibBorrowers if x[1] == genMibTextsFlag]),
', '.join(mibSearchers),
dstDirectory,
', '.join(sorted(mibStubs)),
', '.join(inputMibs),
dstFormat,
cacheDirectory or 'not used',
nodepsFlag and 'no' or 'yes',
rebuildFlag and 'yes' or 'no',
dryrunFlag and 'yes' or 'no',
writeMibsFlag and 'yes' or 'no',
dstFormat == 'pysnmp' and pyCompileFlag and 'yes' or 'no',
dstFormat == 'pysnmp' and pyOptimizationLevel and 'yes' or 'no',
ignoreErrorsFlag and 'yes' or 'no',
buildIndexFlag and 'yes' or 'no',
genMibTextsFlag and 'yes' or 'no',
keepTextsLayout and 'yes' or 'no',
doFuzzyMatchingFlag and 'yes' or 'no'))
# Initialize compiler infrastructure
mibCompiler = MibCompiler(
SmiV1CompatParser(tempdir=cacheDirectory),
codeGenerator,
fileWriter
)
try:
mibCompiler.addSources(
*getReadersFromUrls(
*mibSources, **dict(fuzzyMatching=doFuzzyMatchingFlag)
)
)
mibCompiler.addSearchers(*searchers)
mibCompiler.addBorrowers(*borrowers)
processed = mibCompiler.compile(
*inputMibs, **dict(noDeps=nodepsFlag,
rebuild=rebuildFlag,
dryRun=dryrunFlag,
genTexts=genMibTextsFlag,
textFilter=keepTextsLayout and (lambda symbol, text: text) or None,
writeMibs=writeMibsFlag,
ignoreErrors=ignoreErrorsFlag)
)
if buildIndexFlag:
mibCompiler.buildIndex(
processed,
dryRun=dryrunFlag,
ignoreErrors=ignoreErrorsFlag
)
except error.PySmiError:
sys.stderr.write('ERROR: %s\r\n' % sys.exc_info()[1])
sys.exit(EX_SOFTWARE)
else:
if verboseFlag:
sys.stderr.write('%sreated/updated MIBs: %s\r\n' % (dryrunFlag and 'Would be c' or 'C', ', '.join(
['%s%s' % (x, x != processed[x].alias and ' (%s)' % processed[x].alias or '') for x in sorted(processed) if processed[x] == 'compiled'])))
sys.stderr.write('Pre-compiled MIBs %sborrowed: %s\r\n' % (dryrunFlag and 'Would be ' or '', ', '.join(
['%s (%s)' % (x, processed[x].path) for x in sorted(processed) if processed[x] == 'borrowed'])))
sys.stderr.write(
'Up to date MIBs: %s\r\n' % ', '.join(['%s' % x for x in sorted(processed) if processed[x] == 'untouched']))
sys.stderr.write('Missing source MIBs: %s\r\n' % ', '.join(
['%s' % x for x in sorted(processed) if processed[x] == 'missing']))
sys.stderr.write(
'Ignored MIBs: %s\r\n' % ', '.join(['%s' % x for x in sorted(processed) if processed[x] == 'unprocessed']))
sys.stderr.write('Failed MIBs: %s\r\n' % ', '.join(
['%s (%s)' % (x, processed[x].error) for x in sorted(processed) if processed[x] == 'failed']))
exitCode = EX_OK
if any(x for x in processed.values() if x == 'missing'):
exitCode = EX_MIB_MISSING
if any(x for x in processed.values() if x == 'failed'):
exitCode = EX_MIB_FAILED
sys.exit(exitCode)
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