Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Keywords:
Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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# run-time dynamic linker as a command and setting the environment
# variable LD_TRACE_LOADED_OBJECTS to a non-empty value.
# We should be able to find the translation right at the beginning.
TEXTDOMAIN=libc
TEXTDOMAINDIR=/usr/share/locale
RTLDLIST="/lib/ld-linux.so.2 /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 /libx32/ld-linux-x32.so.2"
warn=
bind_now=
verbose=
while test $# -gt 0; do
case "$1" in
--vers | --versi | --versio | --version)
echo 'ldd (Debian GLIBC 2.31-13+deb11u11) 2.31'
printf $"Copyright (C) %s Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
" "2020"
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" "Roland McGrath" "Ulrich Drepper"
exit 0
;;
--h | --he | --hel | --help)
echo $"Usage: ldd [OPTION]... FILE...
--help print this help and exit
--version print version information and exit
-d, --data-relocs process data relocations
-r, --function-relocs process data and function relocations
-u, --unused print unused direct dependencies
-v, --verbose print all information
"
printf $"For bug reporting instructions, please see:\\n%s.\\n" \
"<http://www.debian.org/Bugs/>"
exit 0
;;
-d | --d | --da | --dat | --data | --data- | --data-r | --data-re | \
--data-rel | --data-relo | --data-reloc | --data-relocs)
warn=yes
shift
;;
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--function | --function- | --function-r | --function-re | --function-rel | \
--function-relo | --function-reloc | --function-relocs)
warn=yes
bind_now=yes
shift
;;
-v | --verb | --verbo | --verbos | --verbose)
verbose=yes
shift
;;
-u | --u | --un | --unu | --unus | --unuse | --unused)
unused=yes
shift
;;
--v | --ve | --ver)
echo >&2 $"ldd: option \`$1' is ambiguous"
exit 1
;;
--) # Stop option processing.
shift; break
;;
-*)
echo >&2 'ldd:' $"unrecognized option" "\`$1'"
echo >&2 $"Try \`ldd --help' for more information."
exit 1
;;
*)
break
;;
esac
done
nonelf ()
{
# Maybe extra code for non-ELF binaries.
return 1;
}
add_env="LD_TRACE_LOADED_OBJECTS=1 LD_WARN=$warn LD_BIND_NOW=$bind_now"
add_env="$add_env LD_LIBRARY_VERSION=\$verify_out"
add_env="$add_env LD_VERBOSE=$verbose"
if test "$unused" = yes; then
add_env="$add_env LD_DEBUG=\"$LD_DEBUG${LD_DEBUG:+,}unused\""
fi
# The following command substitution is needed to make ldd work in SELinux
# environments where the RTLD might not have permission to write to the
# terminal. The extra "x" character prevents the shell from trimming trailing
# newlines from command substitution results. This function is defined as a
# subshell compound list (using "(...)") to prevent parameter assignments from
# affecting the calling shell execution environment.
try_trace() (
output=$(eval $add_env '"$@"' 2>&1; rc=$?; printf 'x'; exit $rc)
rc=$?
printf '%s' "${output%x}"
return $rc
)
case $# in
0)
echo >&2 'ldd:' $"missing file arguments"
echo >&2 $"Try \`ldd --help' for more information."
exit 1
;;
1)
single_file=t
;;
*)
single_file=f
;;
esac
result=0
for file do
# We don't list the file name when there is only one.
test $single_file = t || echo "${file}:"
case $file in
*/*) :
;;
*) file=./$file
;;
esac
if test ! -e "$file"; then
echo "ldd: ${file}:" $"No such file or directory" >&2
result=1
elif test ! -f "$file"; then
echo "ldd: ${file}:" $"not regular file" >&2
result=1
elif test -r "$file"; then
RTLD=
ret=1
for rtld in ${RTLDLIST}; do
if test -x $rtld; then
dummy=`$rtld 2>&1`
if test $? = 127; then
verify_out=`${rtld} --verify "$file"`
ret=$?
case $ret in
[02]) RTLD=${rtld}; break;;
esac
fi
fi
done
case $ret in
1)
# This can be a non-ELF binary or no binary at all.
nonelf "$file" || {
echo $" not a dynamic executable" >&2
result=1
}
;;
0|2)
try_trace "$RTLD" "$file" || result=1
;;
*)
echo 'ldd:' ${RTLD} $"exited with unknown exit code" "($ret)" >&2
exit 1
;;
esac
else
echo 'ldd:' $"error: you do not have read permission for" "\`$file'" >&2
result=1
fi
done
exit $result
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