Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Keywords:
Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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#!/usr/bin/perl
eval 'exec /usr/bin/perl -S $0 ${1+"$@"}'
if $running_under_some_shell;
#!/usr/bin/perl
BEGIN { pop @INC if $INC[-1] eq '.' }
use strict;
use Getopt::Long;
use Encode ();
use JSON::PP ();
# imported from JSON-XS/bin/json_xs
my %allow_json_opt = map { $_ => 1 } qw(
ascii latin1 utf8 pretty indent space_before space_after relaxed canonical allow_nonref
allow_singlequote allow_barekey allow_bignum loose escape_slash indent_length
);
GetOptions(
'v' => \( my $opt_verbose ),
'f=s' => \( my $opt_from = 'json' ),
't=s' => \( my $opt_to = 'json' ),
'json_opt=s' => \( my $json_opt = 'pretty' ),
'V' => \( my $version ),
) or die "Usage: $0 [-V] [-f from_format] [-t to_format] [-json_opt options_to_json1[,options_to_json2[,...]]]\n";
if ( $version ) {
print "$JSON::PP::VERSION\n";
exit;
}
$json_opt = '' if $json_opt eq '-';
my %json_opt;
for my $opt (split /,/, $json_opt) {
my ($key, $value) = split /=/, $opt, 2;
$value = 1 unless defined $value;
die "'$_' is not a valid json option" unless $allow_json_opt{$key};
$json_opt{$key} = $value;
}
my %F = (
'json' => sub {
my $json = JSON::PP->new;
my $enc =
/^\x00\x00\x00/s ? "utf-32be"
: /^\x00.\x00/s ? "utf-16be"
: /^.\x00\x00\x00/s ? "utf-32le"
: /^.\x00.\x00/s ? "utf-16le"
: "utf-8";
for my $key (keys %json_opt) {
next if $key eq 'utf8';
$json->$key($json_opt{$key});
}
$json->decode( Encode::decode($enc, $_) );
},
'eval' => sub {
my $v = eval "no strict;\n#line 1 \"input\"\n$_";
die "$@" if $@;
return $v;
},
);
my %T = (
'null' => sub { "" },
'json' => sub {
my $json = JSON::PP->new->utf8;
for my $key (keys %json_opt) {
$json->$key($json_opt{$key});
}
$json->canonical if $json_opt{pretty};
$json->encode( $_ );
},
'dumper' => sub {
require Data::Dumper;
local $Data::Dumper::Terse = 1;
local $Data::Dumper::Indent = 1;
local $Data::Dumper::Useqq = 1;
local $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys = 0;
local $Data::Dumper::Sortkeys = 1;
Data::Dumper::Dumper($_)
},
);
$F{$opt_from}
or die "$opt_from: not a valid fromformat\n";
$T{$opt_to}
or die "$opt_from: not a valid toformat\n";
{
local $/;
binmode STDIN;
$_ = <STDIN>;
}
$_ = $F{$opt_from}->();
$_ = $T{$opt_to}->();
print $_;
__END__
=pod
=encoding utf8
=head1 NAME
json_pp - JSON::PP command utility
=head1 SYNOPSIS
json_pp [-v] [-f from_format] [-t to_format] [-json_opt options_to_json1[,options_to_json2[,...]]]
=head1 DESCRIPTION
json_pp converts between some input and output formats (one of them is JSON).
This program was copied from L<json_xs> and modified.
The default input format is json and the default output format is json with pretty option.
=head1 OPTIONS
=head2 -f
-f from_format
Reads a data in the given format from STDIN.
Format types:
=over
=item json
as JSON
=item eval
as Perl code
=back
=head2 -t
Writes a data in the given format to STDOUT.
=over
=item null
no action.
=item json
as JSON
=item dumper
as Data::Dumper
=back
=head2 -json_opt
options to JSON::PP
Acceptable options are:
ascii latin1 utf8 pretty indent space_before space_after relaxed canonical allow_nonref
allow_singlequote allow_barekey allow_bignum loose escape_slash indent_length
Multiple options must be separated by commas:
Right: -json_opt pretty,canonical
Wrong: -json_opt pretty -json_opt canonical
=head2 -v
Verbose option, but currently no action in fact.
=head2 -V
Prints version and exits.
=head1 EXAMPLES
$ perl -e'print q|{"foo":"あい","bar":1234567890000000000000000}|' |\
json_pp -f json -t dumper -json_opt pretty,utf8,allow_bignum
$VAR1 = {
'bar' => bless( {
'value' => [
'0000000',
'0000000',
'5678900',
'1234'
],
'sign' => '+'
}, 'Math::BigInt' ),
'foo' => "\x{3042}\x{3044}"
};
$ perl -e'print q|{"foo":"あい","bar":1234567890000000000000000}|' |\
json_pp -f json -t dumper -json_opt pretty
$VAR1 = {
'bar' => '1234567890000000000000000',
'foo' => "\x{e3}\x{81}\x{82}\x{e3}\x{81}\x{84}"
};
=head1 SEE ALSO
L<JSON::PP>, L<json_xs>
=head1 AUTHOR
Makamaka Hannyaharamitu, E<lt>makamaka[at]cpan.orgE<gt>
=head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
Copyright 2010 by Makamaka Hannyaharamitu
This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the same terms as Perl itself.
=cut
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