Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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#!/usr/bin/perl
eval 'exec /usr/bin/perl -S $0 ${1+"$@"}'
if $running_under_some_shell;
#!./perl
use 5.008001;
BEGIN { pop @INC if $INC[-1] eq '.' }
use strict;
use warnings;
use Encode;
use Getopt::Std;
use Carp;
use Encode::Guess;
$Getopt::Std::STANDARD_HELP_VERSION = 1;
my %opt;
getopts( "huSs:", \%opt );
my @suspect_list;
list_valid_suspects() and exit if $opt{S};
@suspect_list = split /:,/, $opt{s} if $opt{s};
HELP_MESSAGE() if $opt{h};
HELP_MESSAGE() unless @ARGV;
do_guess($_) for @ARGV;
sub read_file {
my $filename = shift;
local $/;
open my $fh, '<:raw', $filename or croak "$filename:$!";
my $content = <$fh>;
close $fh;
return $content;
}
sub do_guess {
my $filename = shift;
my $data = read_file($filename);
my $enc = guess_encoding( $data, @suspect_list );
if ( !ref($enc) && $opt{u} ) {
return 1;
}
print "$filename\t";
if ( ref($enc) ) {
print $enc->mime_name();
}
else {
print "unknown";
}
print "\n";
return 1;
}
sub list_valid_suspects {
print join( "\n", Encode->encodings(":all") );
print "\n";
return 1;
}
sub HELP_MESSAGE {
exec 'pod2usage', $0 or die "pod2usage: $!"
}
__END__
=head1 NAME
encguess - guess character encodings of files
=head1 VERSION
$Id: encguess,v 0.2 2016/08/04 03:15:58 dankogai Exp $
=head1 SYNOPSIS
encguess [switches] filename...
=head2 SWITCHES
=over 2
=item -h
show this message and exit.
=item -s
specify a list of "suspect encoding types" to test,
seperated by either C<:> or C<,>
=item -S
output a list of all acceptable encoding types that can be used with
the -s param
=item -u
suppress display of unidentified types
=back
=head2 EXAMPLES:
=over 2
=item *
Guess encoding of a file named C<test.txt>, using only the default
suspect types.
encguess test.txt
=item *
Guess the encoding type of a file named C<test.txt>, using the suspect
types C<euc-jp,shiftjis,7bit-jis>.
encguess -s euc-jp,shiftjis,7bit-jis test.txt
encguess -s euc-jp:shiftjis:7bit-jis test.txt
=item *
Guess the encoding type of several files, do not display results for
unidentified files.
encguess -us euc-jp,shiftjis,7bit-jis test*.txt
=back
=head1 DESCRIPTION
The encoding identification is done by checking one encoding type at a
time until all but the right type are eliminated. The set of encoding
types to try is defined by the -s parameter and defaults to ascii,
utf8 and UTF-16/32 with BOM. This can be overridden by passing one or
more encoding types via the -s parameter. If you need to pass in
multiple suspect encoding types, use a quoted string with the a space
separating each value.
=head1 SEE ALSO
L<Encode::Guess>, L<Encode::Detect>
=head1 LICENSE AND COPYRIGHT
Copyright 2015 Michael LaGrasta and Dan Kogai.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the terms of the the Artistic License (2.0). You may obtain a
copy of the full license at:
L<http://www.perlfoundation.org/artistic_license_2_0>
=cut
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