Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Keywords:
Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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#!/usr/bin/env bash
set -ue
# Copyright (C) 2009-2015 Codership Oy
# Copyright (C) 2017-2022 MariaDB
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the
# Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston
# MA 02110-1335 USA.
# This is a reference script for mysqldump-based state snapshot tansfer
. $(dirname "$0")/wsrep_sst_common
EINVAL=22
if test -z "$WSREP_SST_OPT_HOST"; then wsrep_log_error "HOST cannot be nil"; exit $EINVAL; fi
if test -z "$WSREP_SST_OPT_PORT"; then wsrep_log_error "PORT cannot be nil"; exit $EINVAL; fi
if test -z "$WSREP_SST_OPT_LPORT"; then wsrep_log_error "LPORT cannot be nil"; exit $EINVAL; fi
if test -z "$WSREP_SST_OPT_SOCKET";then wsrep_log_error "SOCKET cannot be nil";exit $EINVAL; fi
if test -z "$WSREP_SST_OPT_GTID"; then wsrep_log_error "GTID cannot be nil"; exit $EINVAL; fi
if is_local_ip "$WSREP_SST_OPT_HOST_UNESCAPED" && \
[ "$WSREP_SST_OPT_PORT" = "$WSREP_SST_OPT_LPORT" ]
then
wsrep_log_error \
"destination address '$WSREP_SST_OPT_HOST:$WSREP_SST_OPT_PORT' matches source address."
exit $EINVAL
fi
# Check client version
if ! $MYSQL_CLIENT --version | grep -q -E '(Distrib 10\.[1-9])|( from 1[1-9]\.)'; then
$MYSQL_CLIENT --version >&2
wsrep_log_error "this operation requires MySQL client version 10.1 or newer"
exit $EINVAL
fi
AUTH=""
if [ -n "$WSREP_SST_OPT_USER" ]; then
AUTH="-u$WSREP_SST_OPT_USER"
fi
# Refs https://github.com/codership/mysql-wsrep/issues/141
# Passing password in MYSQL_PWD environment variable is considered
# "extremely insecure" by MySQL Guidelines for Password Security
# (https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/password-security-user.html)
# that is even less secure than passing it on a command line! It is doubtful:
# the whole command line is easily observable by any unprivileged user via ps,
# whereas (at least on Linux) unprivileged user can't see process environment
# that he does not own. So while it may be not secure in the NSA sense of the
# word, it is arguably more secure than passing password on the command line.
if [ -n "$WSREP_SST_OPT_PSWD" ]; then
export MYSQL_PWD="$WSREP_SST_OPT_PSWD"
elif [ -n "$WSREP_SST_OPT_USER" ]; then
# Empty password, used for testing, debugging etc.
unset MYSQL_PWD
fi
STOP_WSREP='SET wsrep_on=OFF;'
# mysqldump cannot restore CSV tables, fix this issue
CSV_TABLES_FIX="
set sql_mode='';
USE mysql;
SET @cond = (SELECT (SUPPORT = 'YES' or SUPPORT = 'DEFAULT') FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.ENGINES WHERE ENGINE = 'csv');
SET @stmt = IF (@cond = '1', 'CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS general_log ( event_time timestamp(6) NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(6) ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(6), user_host mediumtext NOT NULL, thread_id bigint(21) unsigned NOT NULL, server_id int(10) unsigned NOT NULL, command_type varchar(64) NOT NULL, argument mediumtext NOT NULL) ENGINE=CSV DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb3 COMMENT=\"General log\"', 'SET @dummy = 0');
PREPARE stmt FROM @stmt;
EXECUTE stmt;
DROP PREPARE stmt;
SET @stmt = IF (@cond = '1', 'CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS slow_log ( start_time timestamp(6) NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(6) ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(6), user_host mediumtext NOT NULL, query_time time(6) NOT NULL, lock_time time(6) NOT NULL, rows_sent bigint(20) UNSIGNED NOT NULL, rows_examined bigint(20) UNSIGNED NOT NULL, db varchar(512) NOT NULL, last_insert_id int(11) NOT NULL, insert_id int(11) NOT NULL, server_id int(10) unsigned NOT NULL, sql_text mediumtext NOT NULL, thread_id bigint(21) unsigned NOT NULL) ENGINE=CSV DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb3 COMMENT=\"Slow log\"', 'SET @dummy = 0');
PREPARE stmt FROM @stmt;
EXECUTE stmt;
DROP PREPARE stmt;"
SET_START_POSITION="SET GLOBAL wsrep_start_position='$WSREP_SST_OPT_GTID';"
SET_WSREP_GTID_DOMAIN_ID=""
if [ -n "$WSREP_SST_OPT_GTID_DOMAIN_ID" ]; then
SET_WSREP_GTID_DOMAIN_ID="
SET @val = (SELECT GLOBAL_VALUE FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SYSTEM_VARIABLES WHERE VARIABLE_NAME = 'WSREP_GTID_STRICT_MODE' AND GLOBAL_VALUE > 0);
SET @stmt = IF (@val IS NOT NULL, 'SET GLOBAL WSREP_GTID_DOMAIN_ID=$WSREP_SST_OPT_GTID_DOMAIN_ID', 'SET @dummy = 0');
PREPARE stmt FROM @stmt;
EXECUTE stmt;
DROP PREPARE stmt;"
fi
MYSQL="$MYSQL_CLIENT$WSREP_SST_OPT_CONF_UNQUOTED "\
"$AUTH -h$WSREP_SST_OPT_HOST_UNESCAPED "\
"-P$WSREP_SST_OPT_PORT --disable-reconnect --connect_timeout=10"
# Check if binary logging is enabled on the joiner node.
# Note: SELECT cannot be used at this point.
LOG_BIN=$(echo "set statement wsrep_sync_wait=0 for SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'log_bin'" | $MYSQL | \
tail -1 | awk -F ' ' '{ print $2 }')
# Check the joiner node's server version.
SERVER_VERSION=$(echo "set statement wsrep_sync_wait=0 for SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'version'" | $MYSQL | \
tail -1 | awk -F ' ' '{ print $2 }')
# Retrieve the donor's @@global.gtid_binlog_state.
GTID_BINLOG_STATE=$(echo "SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES LIKE 'gtid_binlog_state'" | $MYSQL | \
tail -1 | awk -F ' ' '{ print $2 }')
RESET_MASTER=""
SET_GTID_BINLOG_STATE=""
SQL_LOG_BIN_OFF=""
# Safety check
if [ ${SERVER_VERSION%%.*} -gt 5 ]; then
# If binary logging is enabled on the joiner node, we need to copy donor's
# gtid_binlog_state to joiner. In order to do that, a RESET MASTER must be
# executed to erase binary logs (if any). Binary logging should also be
# turned off for the session so that gtid state does not get altered while
# the dump gets replayed on joiner.
if [ "$LOG_BIN" = 'ON' ]; then
RESET_MASTER="SET GLOBAL wsrep_on=OFF; RESET MASTER; SET GLOBAL wsrep_on=ON;"
SET_GTID_BINLOG_STATE="SET GLOBAL wsrep_on=OFF; SET @@global.gtid_binlog_state='$GTID_BINLOG_STATE'; SET GLOBAL wsrep_on=ON;"
SQL_LOG_BIN_OFF="SET @@session.sql_log_bin=OFF;"
fi
fi
# NOTE: we don't use --routines here because we're dumping mysql.proc table
MYSQLDUMP="$MYSQLDUMP$WSREP_SST_OPT_CONF_UNQUOTED $AUTH -S$WSREP_SST_OPT_SOCKET \
--add-drop-database --add-drop-table --skip-add-locks --create-options \
--disable-keys --extended-insert --skip-lock-tables --quick --set-charset \
--skip-comments --flush-privileges --all-databases --events"
if [ $WSREP_SST_OPT_BYPASS -eq 0 ]
then
# need to disable logging when loading the dump
# reason is that dump contains ALTER TABLE for log tables, and
# this causes an error if logging is enabled
GENERAL_LOG_OPT=$($MYSQL --skip-column-names -e "$STOP_WSREP SELECT @@GENERAL_LOG")
SLOW_LOG_OPT=$($MYSQL --skip-column-names -e "$STOP_WSREP SELECT @@SLOW_QUERY_LOG")
LOG_OFF="SET GLOBAL GENERAL_LOG=OFF; SET GLOBAL SLOW_QUERY_LOG=OFF;"
# commands to restore log settings
RESTORE_GENERAL_LOG="SET GLOBAL GENERAL_LOG=$GENERAL_LOG_OPT;"
RESTORE_SLOW_QUERY_LOG="SET GLOBAL SLOW_QUERY_LOG=$SLOW_LOG_OPT;"
(echo "$STOP_WSREP" && echo "$LOG_OFF" && echo "$RESET_MASTER" && \
echo "$SET_GTID_BINLOG_STATE" && echo "$SQL_LOG_BIN_OFF" && \
echo "$STOP_WSREP" && $MYSQLDUMP && echo "$CSV_TABLES_FIX" && \
echo "$RESTORE_GENERAL_LOG" && echo "$RESTORE_SLOW_QUERY_LOG" && \
echo "$SET_START_POSITION" && echo "$SET_WSREP_GTID_DOMAIN_ID" \
|| echo "SST failed to complete;") | $MYSQL || exit $?
else
wsrep_log_info "Bypassing state dump."
echo "$SET_START_POSITION" | $MYSQL || exit $?
fi
wsrep_log_info "$WSREP_METHOD $WSREP_TRANSFER_TYPE completed on $WSREP_SST_OPT_ROLE"
exit 0
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