Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam  Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah

Nuur Mahmudah; Khairunnisa

doi:10.37850/ibtida'.v5i2.817

Nuur Mahmudah Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari Banjarmasin
Khairunnisa Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari Banjarmasin

DOI: https://doi.org/10.37850/ibtida'.v5i2.817

Keywords: Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar

Abstract

Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.

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#!/bin/sh
#                               -*- Mode: Sh -*-
# ucfr ---
# Author           : Manoj Srivastava ( srivasta@glaurung.internal.golden-gryphon.com )
# Created On       : Tue Apr 11 11:09:15 2006
# Created On Node  : glaurung.internal.golden-gryphon.com
# Last Modified By : Manoj Srivastava
# Last Modified On : Tue Apr 11 13:50:58 2006
# Last Machine Used: glaurung.internal.golden-gryphon.com
# Update Count     : 43
# Status           : Unknown, Use with caution!
# HISTORY          :
# Description      :
#
# Register a configuration file as belonging to a package
#
# arch-tag: 6e1d33fe-a930-41ce-8d0f-c87f87b19918
#

# make sure we exit on error
set -e

# set the version and revision
progname=$(basename "$0")
pversion='Revision 3.00'
######################################################################
########                                                     #########
########              Utility functions                      #########
########                                                     #########
######################################################################
setq() {
    # Variable Value Doc_string
    if [ "x$2" = "x" ]; then
	echo >&2 "$progname: Unable to determine $3"
	exit 1;
    else
	if [ "x$VERBOSE" != "x" ]; then
	    echo >&2 "$progname: $3 is $2";
	fi
	eval "$1=\"\$2\"";
    fi
}

withecho () {
        echo "$@" >&2
        "$@"
}


purge_from_registry () {
    if [ ! -e "$statedir/registry" ]; then
        echo >&2 "$progname: Internal error: $statedir/registry does not exist";
        exit 6;
    fi

    if [ "$count" -eq 0 ]; then
        if [ "X$VERBOSE" != "X" ]; then
            echo >&2 "$progname: Association already purged. No changes.";
        fi
        exit 0;
    fi
    old_pkg=$(egrep "[[:space:]]${real_conf_file_re}$" "$statedir/registry" | \
        awk '{print $1;}' );
    if [ "$pkg" != "$old_pkg"  ]; then
        echo >&2 "ucfr: Association belongs to $old_pkg, not $pkg";
        if [ "X$FORCE" = "X" ]; then
            echo >&2 "ucfr: Aborting";
            exit 5;
        fi
    fi

    # OK, so we have something to purge.
    for i in $(/usr/bin/seq 6 -1 0); do
	if [ -e "${statedir}/registry.${i}" ]; then
	    if [ "X$docmd" = "XYES" ]; then
		cp -f "${statedir}/registry.${i}"  "${statedir}/registry.$(($i + 1))"
	    else
		echo cp -f "${statedir}/registry.${i}" "${statedir}/registry.$(($i + 1))"
	    fi
	fi
    done
    if [ "X$docmd" = "XYES" ]; then
	cp -f "$statedir/registry"  "$statedir/registry.0"
    else
	echo cp -f "$statedir/registry"  "$statedir/registry.0"
    fi
    if [ "X$docmd" = "XYES" ]; then
	set +e
	if [ "X$VERBOSE" != "X" ]; then
	    echo "egrep -v [[:space:]]${real_conf_file_re}$ $statedir/registry >\\"
            echo "	$statedir/registry.tmp || true";
	fi
	#echo "egrep -v [[:space:]]${real_conf_file_re}$ $statedir/registry"
	egrep -v "[[:space:]]${real_conf_file_re}$" "$statedir/registry" > \
	    "$statedir/registry.tmp" || true;
	if [ "X$docmd" = "XYES" ]; then
	    mv -f "$statedir/registry.tmp"  "$statedir/registry"
	else
	    echo mv -f "$statedir/registry.tmp"  "$statedir/registry"
	fi
	set -e
    fi
}

replace_in_registry () {
    if [ ! -e "$statedir/registry" ]; then
        echo >&2 "$progname: Internal error: $statedir/registry does not exist";
        exit 6;
    fi
    if [ "$count" -eq 1 ]; then
        old_pkg=$(egrep "[[:space:]]${real_conf_file_re}$" "$statedir/registry" | \
            awk '{print $1;}' );

        if [ "$pkg" != "$old_pkg" ]; then
            if [ "X$FORCE" = "X" ]; then
                echo >&2 "$progname: Attempt from package $pkg  to take ${real_conf_file} away from package $old_pkg";
                echo >&2 "ucfr: Aborting.";
                exit 4;
            fi
        else
            if [ "X$VERBOSE" != "X" ]; then
                echo >&2 "$progname: Association already recorded. No changes.";
            fi
            exit 0;
        fi
    fi

    for i in $(/usr/bin/seq 6 -1 0); do
	if [ -e "${statedir}/registry.${i}" ]; then
	    if [ "X$docmd" = "XYES" ]; then
		cp -f "${statedir}/registry.${i}" \
		    "${statedir}/registry.$(($i + 1))"
	    else
		echo cp -f "${statedir}/registry.${i}" \
		    "${statedir}/registry.$(($i + 1))"
	    fi
	fi
    done
    if [ "X$docmd" = "XYES" ]; then
	cp -f "$statedir/registry"  "$statedir/registry.0"
    else
	echo cp -f "$statedir/registry"  "$statedir/registry.0"
    fi
    if [ "X$docmd" = "XYES" ]; then
	set +e
	if [ "X$VERBOSE" != "X" ]; then
	    echo "egrep -v \"[[:space:]]${real_conf_file_re}$\" \"$statedir/registry\"  \\"
            echo "	$statedir/registry.tmp || true"
	    echo "echo \"$pkg 	 $real_conf_file\" >> \"$statedir/registry.tmp\""
	    echo "mv -f  $statedir/registry.tmp $statedir/registry"
	fi
	egrep -v "[[:space:]]${real_conf_file_re}$" "$statedir/registry" > \
	    "$statedir/registry.tmp" || true;
	echo "$pkg 	 $real_conf_file" >>   "$statedir/registry.tmp";
	mv -f "$statedir/registry.tmp"  "$statedir/registry"
	set -e
    else
	echo "egrep -v \"[[:space:]]${real_conf_file_re}$\" \"$statedir/registry\"  \\"
        echo "	$statedir/registry.tmp || true"
	echo "echo \"$pkg 	 $real_conf_file\" >> \"$statedir/registry.tmp\""
	echo "mv -f  $statedir/registry.tmp $statedir/registry"
    fi
}


usageversion () {
        cat >&2 <<END
Debian GNU/Linux $progname $pversion.
           Copyright (C) 2002-2006 Manoj Srivastava.
This is free software; see the GNU General Public Licence for copying
conditions.  There is NO warranty.

Usage: $progname  [options] package_name path_for_configuration_file
Options:
     -h,     --help          print this message
     -f      --force         Force the association, even if another package
                             used to own the configuration file.
     -d [n], --debug    [n]  Set the Debug level to N
     -n,     --no-action     Dry run. No action is actually taken.
     -v,     --verbose       Make the script verbose
     -p,     --purge         Remove any reference to the package/file association
                             from the records
             --state-dir bar Set the state directory to bar instead of the
                             default '/var/lib/ucf'. Used mostly for testing.
END

}

######################################################################
########                                                     #########
########              Command line args                      #########
########                                                     #########
######################################################################
#
# Long term variables#
#
docmd='YES'
action='withecho'
action=
DEBUG=0
VERBOSE=''
statedir='/var/lib/ucf';
THREEWAY=

# Note that we use `"$@"' to let each command-line parameter expand to a
# separate word. The quotes around `$@' are essential!
# We need TEMP as the `eval set --' would nuke the return value of getopt.
TEMP=$(getopt -a -o hd::D::fnvp -n "$progname" \
      --long help,debug::,DEBUG::,force,no-action,purge,verbose,state-dir: \
             -- "$@")

if [ $? != 0 ] ; then
    echo "Error handling options.Terminating..." >&2 ;
    exit 1 ;
fi

# Note the quotes around `$TEMP': they are essential!
eval set -- "$TEMP"

while true ; do
    case "$1" in
	-h|--help) usageversion;                        exit 0  ;;
	-n|--no-action) action='echo'; docmd='NO';      shift   ;;
	-v|--verbose) VERBOSE=1;                        shift   ;;
	-f|--force)   FORCE=1;                          shift   ;;
	--state-dir)  opt_state_dir="$2";               shift 2 ;;
	-D|-d|--debug|--DEBUG)
            # d has an optional argument. As we are in quoted mode,
            # an empty parameter will be generated if its optional
            # argument is not found.
	    case "$2" in
		"") setq DEBUG 1    "The Debug value"; shift 2 ;;
		*)  setq DEBUG "$2" "The Debug value"; shift 2 ;;
	    esac ;;
        -p|--purge) PURGE=YES;                         shift   ;;
	--)  shift ;                                   break   ;;
	*) echo >&2 "$progname: Internal error!" ; exit 1 ;;
    esac
done
# Need to run as root, or else the
if test "$(id -u)" != 0; then
    if [ "$docmd" = "YES" ]; then
        echo "$progname: Need to be run as root." >&2
        echo "$progname: Setting up no action mode." >&2
        action='echo';
        docmd='NO';
    fi
fi

if [ $# != 2 ]; then
    echo >&2 "$progname: *** ERROR: Need exactly two arguments, got $#";
    echo >&2 ""
    usageversion;
    exit 3 ;
fi

# We have here a configuration file, which can be a symlink, and may
# contain characters that are unsafe in regular expressions
setq pkg  "$1" "The Package name";
setq conf_file "$2" "The Configuration file";
setq real_conf_file "$(readlink -q -m $conf_file)" "The (real) Configuration file";

pkg_re="$(echo $pkg       | sed -e 's,+,\\+,')"
conf_file_re="$(echo $conf_file | sed -e 's,+,\\+,')"
real_conf_file_re="$(echo $real_conf_file | sed -e 's,+,\\+,')"

case $conf_file_re in
    /*)
        : echo fine
        ;;
    *)
        echo >&2 "$progname: Need a fully qualified path for the file \"$conf_file\""
        # Don't exit with an error for etch'
        exit 0;
esac

# Load site defaults and over rides.
if [ -f /etc/ucf.conf ]; then
    . /etc/ucf.conf
fi

# Command line, env variable, config file, or default
if [ ! "x$opt_state_dir" = "x" ]; then
    setq statedir "$opt_state_dir" "The State directory"
elif [ ! "x$UCF_STATE_DIR" = "x" ]; then
    setq statedir "$UCF_STATE_DIR" "The State directory"
elif [ ! "x$conf_state_dir" = "x" ]; then
    setq statedir "$conf_state_dir" "The State directory"
else
    setq statedir '/var/lib/ucf'  "The State directory"
fi

# VERBOSE of 0 is supposed to be the same as not setting VERBOSE
if [ "X$VERBOSE" = "X0" ]; then
    VERBOSE=''
fi

#
if [ -e "$statedir/registry" -a ! -w "$statedir/registry" ]; then
    echo >&2 "$progname: do not have write privilege to the registry data"
    if [ "X$docmd" = "XYES" ]; then
	exit 1;
    fi
fi

# test and see if this file exists in the database
if [ ! -d "$statedir" ]; then
    $action mkdir -p "$statedir"
fi

if [ ! -f "$statedir/registry" ]; then
    $action touch "$statedir/registry"
fi


if [ "X$VERBOSE" != "X" ]; then
    echo >&2 "$progname: The registry exists"
fi

# sanity check
count=$(egrep --count "[[:space:]]${real_conf_file_re}$" "$statedir/registry") || true

if [ "$count" -ge 2 ]; then
    echo >&2 "$progname: Corrupt registry: Duplicate entries for ${conf_file}";
    egrep "[[:space:]]${real_conf_file_re}$" "$statedir/registry";
    exit "$count";
fi

if [ "X$PURGE" != "X" ]; then
    $action purge_from_registry
else
    $action replace_in_registry
fi


exit 0;

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