Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Keywords:
Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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#!/usr/bin/perl -w -pi.old
# Convert a sensors.conf file from the old (Linux 2.4, lm-sensors 2)
# symbol names to the new (Linux 2.6 or 3, lm-sensors 3) symbol names.
#
# Copyright (C) 2007, 2011 Jean Delvare <jdelvare@suse.de>
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
# modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
# as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
# of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston,
# MA 02110-1301, USA.
# Implemented conversions:
# * The "algorithm name" part of bus statements is removed.
# * Bus statements for the ISA bus are removed.
# * Chip names containing dashes are removed.
# * Label, ignore, set and compute statements referencing features
# which are not part of the new interface are removed.
# * Label, ignore, set and compute statements referencing features
# which have been renamed are updated. This includes both general
# feature name changes and chip-specific feature name changes.
#
# Note that we have to look at the commented out lines too, so that
# the user doesn't have a bad surprise when uncommenting them.
use strict;
use vars qw($debug $chip %trans @delete %chip_trans %chip_delete $first_part $second_part $compute_next);
BEGIN
{
$debug = 0;
%trans = (
qr/\bvid\b/ => sub { "cpu0_vid" },
qr/\bremote_temp\b/ => sub { "temp2" },
qr/\bremote_temp_hyst\b/ => sub { "temp2_max_hyst" },
qr/\bremote_temp_low\b/ => sub { "temp2_min" },
qr/\bremote_temp_over\b/ => sub { "temp2_max" },
qr/\btemp\b/ => sub { "temp1" },
qr/\btemp_hyst\b/ => sub { "temp1_max_hyst" },
qr/\btemp_low\b/ => sub { "temp1_min" },
qr/\btemp_over\b/ => sub { "temp1_max" },
qr/\btemp_high\b/ => sub { "temp1_max" },
qr/\btemp_crit\b/ => sub { "temp1_crit" },
qr/\bvin(\d+)_max\b/ => sub { "in$1_max" },
qr/\bvin(\d+)_min\b/ => sub { "in$1_min" },
qr/\bvin(\d+)\b/ => sub { "in$1" },
qr/\btemp(\d+)_over\b/ => sub { "temp$1_max" },
qr/\btemp(\d+)_hyst\b/ => sub { "temp$1_max_hyst" },
qr/\btemp(\d+)_high\b/ => sub { "temp$1_max" },
qr/\btemp(\d+)_low\b/ => sub { "temp$1_min" },
qr/\bsensor(\d+)\b/ => sub { "temp$1_type" },
);
@delete = (
qr/\balarms\b/,
qr/\bbeeps\b/,
qr/\bpwm\d*\b/,
qr/\bpwm\d+_enable\b/,
qr/\b(in|temp|fan)\d+_(state|status)\b/,
qr/\banalog_out\b/,
qr/\balarms_(in|temp|fan)\b/,
);
%chip_trans = (
"gl518sm" => {
qr/\bvdd\b/ => sub { "in0" },
qr/\bvdd_min\b/ => sub { "in0_min" },
qr/\bvdd_max\b/ => sub { "in0_max" },
},
"gl520sm" => {
qr/\bvdd\b/ => sub { "in0" },
qr/\bvdd_min\b/ => sub { "in0_min" },
qr/\bvdd_max\b/ => sub { "in0_max" },
},
"lm80" => {
qr/\btemp_hot_hyst\b/ => sub { "temp1_max_hyst" },
qr/\btemp_hot_max\b/ => sub { "temp1_max" },
qr/\btemp_os_hyst\b/ => sub { "temp1_crit_hyst" },
qr/\btemp_os_max\b/ => sub { "temp1_crit" },
},
"lm83" => {
qr/\btcrit\b/ => sub { "temp3_crit" },
},
"lm90" => {
qr/\btcrit(\d)\b/ => sub { "temp$1_crit" },
qr/\bhyst(\d)\b/ => sub { "temp$1_crit_hyst" },
},
"adm1032" => {
qr/\btcrit(\d)\b/ => sub { "temp$1_crit" },
qr/\bhyst(\d)\b/ => sub { "temp$1_crit_hyst" },
},
"lm86" => {
qr/\btcrit(\d)\b/ => sub { "temp$1_crit" },
qr/\bhyst(\d)\b/ => sub { "temp$1_crit_hyst" },
},
"lm99" => {
qr/\btcrit(\d)\b/ => sub { "temp$1_crit" },
qr/\bhyst(\d)\b/ => sub { "temp$1_crit_hyst" },
},
"adt7461" => {
qr/\btcrit(\d)\b/ => sub { "temp$1_crit" },
qr/\bhyst(\d)\b/ => sub { "temp$1_crit_hyst" },
},
"max6657" => {
qr/\btcrit(\d)\b/ => sub { "temp$1_crit" },
qr/\bhyst(\d)\b/ => sub { "temp$1_crit_hyst" },
},
"max6680" => {
qr/\btcrit(\d)\b/ => sub { "temp$1_crit" },
qr/\bhyst(\d)\b/ => sub { "temp$1_crit_hyst" },
},
"lm93" => {
qr/\bvid([12])\b/ => sub { "cpu".($1-1)."_vid" },
},
"adm9240" => {
qr/"2\.5V(|_min|_max)"/ => sub { "in0$1" },
qr/\bVccp1(|_min|_max)\b/ => sub { "in1$1" },
qr/"3\.3V(|_min|_max)"/ => sub { "in2$1" },
qr/"5V(|_min|_max)"/ => sub { "in3$1" },
qr/"12V(|_min|_max)"/ => sub { "in4$1" },
qr/\bVccp2(|_min|_max)\b/ => sub { "in5$1" },
},
"lm81" => {
qr/"2\.5V(|_min|_max)"/ => sub { "in0$1" },
qr/\bVccp1(|_min|_max)\b/ => sub { "in1$1" },
qr/"3\.3V(|_min|_max)"/ => sub { "in2$1" },
qr/"5V(|_min|_max)"/ => sub { "in3$1" },
qr/"12V(|_min|_max)"/ => sub { "in4$1" },
qr/\bVccp2(|_min|_max)\b/ => sub { "in5$1" },
},
"ds1780" => {
qr/"2\.5V(|_min|_max)"/ => sub { "in0$1" },
qr/\bVccp1(|_min|_max)\b/ => sub { "in1$1" },
qr/"3\.3V(|_min|_max)"/ => sub { "in2$1" },
qr/"5V(|_min|_max)"/ => sub { "in3$1" },
qr/"12V(|_min|_max)"/ => sub { "in4$1" },
qr/\bVccp2(|_min|_max)\b/ => sub { "in5$1" },
},
"adm1024" => {
qr/"2\.5V(|_min|_max)"/ => sub { "in0$1" },
qr/\bVccp1(|_min|_max)\b/ => sub { "in1$1" },
qr/"3\.3V(|_min|_max)"/ => sub { "in2$1" },
qr/"5V(|_min|_max)"/ => sub { "in3$1" },
qr/"12V(|_min|_max)"/ => sub { "in4$1" },
qr/\bVccp2(|_min|_max)\b/ => sub { "in5$1" },
qr/\btemp_hyst\b/ => sub { "temp1_min" },
qr/\btemp(\d)\b/ => sub { "temp".($1+1) },
qr/\btemp(\d)_hyst\b/ => sub { "temp".($1+1)."_min" },
qr/\btemp(\d)_over\b/ => sub { "temp".($1+1)."_max" },
},
"maxilife" => {
qr/\bvid(\d)(|_min|_max)\b/ => sub { "in".($1-1).$2 },
},
"thmc50" => {
qr/\btemp_hyst\b/ => sub { "temp1_min" },
qr/\bremote_temp_hyst\b/ => sub { "temp2_min" },
qr/\bremote_temp2\b/ => sub { "temp3" },
qr/\bremote_temp2_hyst\b/ => sub { "temp3_min" },
qr/\bremote_temp2_over\b/ => sub { "temp3_max" },
},
"adm1022" => {
qr/\btemp_hyst\b/ => sub { "temp1_min" },
qr/\bremote_temp_hyst\b/ => sub { "temp2_min" },
qr/\bremote_temp2\b/ => sub { "temp3" },
qr/\bremote_temp2_hyst\b/ => sub { "temp3_min" },
qr/\bremote_temp2_over\b/ => sub { "temp3_max" },
},
"adm1026" => {
qr/\bfan(\d)(|_div|_min)\b/ => sub { "fan".($1+1).$2 },
qr/\btemp(\d)_therm\b/ => sub { "temp$1_crit" },
},
"via686a" => {
qr/"2\.0V"/ => sub { "in0" },
qr/"2\.5V"/ => sub { "in1" },
qr/"3\.3V"/ => sub { "in2" },
qr/"5\.0V"/ => sub { "in3" },
qr/"12V"/ => sub { "in4" },
},
"lm87" => {
qr/"2\.5V(|_min|_max)"/ => sub { "in0$1" },
qr/\bVccp1(|_min|_max)\b/ => sub { "in1$1" },
qr/"3\.3V(|_min|_max)"/ => sub { "in2$1" },
qr/"5V(|_min|_max)"/ => sub { "in3$1" },
qr/"12V(|_min|_max)"/ => sub { "in4$1" },
qr/\bVccp2(|_min|_max)\b/ => sub { "in5$1" },
qr/\bAIN1(|_min|_max)\b/ => sub { "in6$1" },
qr/\bAIN2(|_min|_max)\b/ => sub { "in7$1" },
qr/\bCPU_Temp\b/ => sub { "temp2" },
},
"fscpos" => {
qr/\bvolt12\b/ => sub { "in0" },
qr/\bvolt5\b/ => sub { "in1" },
qr/\bvoltbatt\b/ => sub { "in2" },
},
"fscscy" => {
qr/\bvolt12\b/ => sub { "in0" },
qr/\bvolt5\b/ => sub { "in1" },
qr/\bvoltbatt\b/ => sub { "in2" },
},
"pcf8591" => {
qr/\bch(\d)\b/ => sub { "in$1" },
},
"smsc47m192" => {
qr/\btemp(\d)_input_fault\b/ => sub { "temp$1_fault" },
},
"lm92" => {
qr/\btemp_hyst\b/ => sub { "temp1_crit_hyst" },
},
"max1619" => {
qr/\btemp2_hyst\b/ => sub { "temp2_crit_hyst" },
},
"lm78" => {
qr/\bin([56])_(min|max)\b/ => sub { "in$1_".($2 eq "max" ? "min" : "max") },
},
"lm79" => {
qr/\bin([56])_(min|max)\b/ => sub { "in$1_".($2 eq "max" ? "min" : "max") },
},
"w83781d" => {
qr/\bin([56])_(min|max)\b/ => sub { "in$1_".($2 eq "max" ? "min" : "max") },
},
"as99127f" => {
qr/\bin([56])_(min|max)\b/ => sub { "in$1_".($2 eq "max" ? "min" : "max") },
},
);
%chip_delete = (
"adm1021" => [
qr/\bdie_code\b/,
],
"lm84" => [
qr/\bdie_code\b/,
],
"gl523" => [
qr/\bdie_code\b/,
],
"thmc10" => [
qr/\bdie_code\b/,
],
"gl518sm" => [
qr/\bfan1_off\b/,
qr/\bfan1_off_pin\b/,
qr/\biterate\b/,
],
"gl520sm" => [
qr/\bfan1_off\b/,
qr/\btwo_temps\b/,
],
"w83792d" => [
qr/\bchassis\b/,
],
"w83793" => [
qr/\bchassis\b/,
],
"maxilife" => [
qr/\bpll(|_min|_max)\b/,
],
"thmc50" => [
qr/\banalog output\b/,
qr/\binterrupts\b/,
qr/\binterrupt mask\b/,
qr/\bdie_code\b/,
],
"adm1022" => [
qr/\banalog output\b/,
qr/\binterrupts\b/,
qr/\binterrupt mask\b/,
qr/\bdie_code\b/,
],
"adm1026" => [
qr/\balarm_mask\b/,
qr/\bgpio\b/,
qr/\bgpio_mask\b/,
qr/\bafc_pwm\b/,
qr/\bafc_analog_out\b/,
qr/\btemp\d_tmin\b/,
],
"lm85" => [
qr/\bpwm\d_(spinup|min|freq|min_ctl|zone|spinup_ctl)\b/,
qr/\bzone\d_(limit|hyst|range|critical|smooth)\b/,
qr/\bfan\d_(tach_mode|ppr)\b/,
],
"lm85b" => [
qr/\bpwm\d_(spinup|min|freq|min_ctl|zone|spinup_ctl)\b/,
qr/\bzone\d_(limit|hyst|range|critical|smooth)\b/,
qr/\bfan\d_(tach_mode|ppr)\b/,
],
"lm85c" => [
qr/\bpwm\d_(spinup|min|freq|min_ctl|zone|spinup_ctl)\b/,
qr/\bzone\d_(limit|hyst|range|critical|smooth)\b/,
qr/\bfan\d_(tach_mode|ppr)\b/,
],
"emc6d100" => [
qr/\bpwm\d_(spinup|min|freq|min_ctl|zone|spinup_ctl)\b/,
qr/\bzone\d_(limit|hyst|range|critical|smooth)\b/,
qr/\bfan\d_(tach_mode|ppr)\b/,
],
"emc6d102" => [
qr/\bpwm\d_(spinup|min|freq|min_ctl|zone|spinup_ctl)\b/,
qr/\bzone\d_(limit|hyst|range|critical|smooth)\b/,
qr/\bfan\d_(tach_mode|ppr)\b/,
],
"adm1027" => [
qr/\bpwm\d_(spinup|min|freq|min_ctl|zone|spinup_ctl)\b/,
qr/\bzone\d_(limit|hyst|range|critical|smooth)\b/,
qr/\bfan\d_(tach_mode|ppr)\b/,
],
"adt7473" => [
qr/\bpwm\d_(spinup|min|freq|min_ctl|zone|spinup_ctl)\b/,
qr/\bzone\d_(limit|hyst|range|critical|smooth)\b/,
qr/\bfan\d_(tach_mode|ppr)\b/,
],
"fscpos" => [
qr/\brev\b/,
qr/\bevent\b/,
qr/\bcontrol\b/,
qr/\bfan\d_ripple\b/,
qr/\bwdog_(preset|state|control)\b/,
],
"fscscy" => [
qr/\brev\b/,
qr/\bevent\b/,
qr/\bcontrol\b/,
qr/\btemp\d_lim\b/,
qr/\bfan\d_ripple\b/,
qr/\bwdog_(preset|state|control)\b/,
],
"fscher" => [
qr/\brev\b/,
qr/\bevent\b/,
qr/\bcontrol\b/,
qr/\bfan\d_ripple\b/,
qr/\bwdog_(preset|state|control)\b/,
],
"pcf8591" => [
qr/\bain_conf\b/,
qr/\baout_enable\b/,
qr/\baout\b/,
],
"vt1211" => [
qr/\bconfig\b/,
],
"vt8231" => [
qr/\bconfig\b/,
],
"max6650" => [
qr/\bspeed\b/,
],
"max6651" => [
qr/\bspeed\b/,
],
"applesmc" => [
qr/\bfan\d_(max|safe)\b/,
],
);
if (defined $ARGV[0] && ($ARGV[0] eq '-h' || $ARGV[0] eq '--help')) {
print "Convert sensors.conf from lm-sensors 2 format to lm-sensors 3 format\n",
"Typical usage: sensors-conf-convert < /etc/sensors.conf > /etc/sensors3.conf\n";
exit 0;
}
}
if ($. == 1) {
print "# Converted by sensors-conf-convert on ".localtime()."\n";
}
sub substitute_line($$)
{
my ($chip, $line) = @_;
# First the chip-specific ones
if ($chip && exists $chip_trans{$chip}) {
foreach my $t (keys %{$chip_trans{$chip}}) {
$line =~ s/$t/$chip_trans{$chip}->{$t}->()/ge;
}
}
# Then the general substitutions
foreach my $t (keys %trans) {
# Kudos to the nice folks in #perl on freenode :)
$line =~ s/$t/$trans{$t}->()/ge;
}
return $line;
}
sub delete_line($)
{
my $feature = shift;
# First the general deletions
foreach my $t (@delete) {
return 1 if $feature =~ m/$t/;
}
# Then the chip-specific ones
if ($chip && exists $chip_delete{$chip}) {
foreach my $t (@{$chip_delete{$chip}}) {
return 1 if $feature =~ m/$t/;
}
}
return 0;
}
if (m/^# Converted by sensors-conf-convert/) {
print STDERR "WARNING: Converting an already converted file!\n";
print STDERR " Result will be incorrect for some chip types.\n";
}
# Bus statements
if (m/^([\s#]*bus\s+"?i2c-\d+"?\s+"([^"]+)")\s+"[^"]*"/) {
print STDERR "Processing bus statement: $2\n" if $debug;
if ($2 eq "ISA main adapter") {
$_ = ''; # Drop entirely
} else {
$_ = "$1\n"; # Drop algorithm name
}
}
# Chip statements
elsif (m/^[\s#]*chip\s+"([\w\d*-]+)"/) {
# We only remember the first chip name, assuming that all chips
# in a given "chip" statement need the same specific processing
$chip = $1;
$chip =~ s/-.*//;
undef $chip if $chip eq "*";
# Remove dashes from chip names, as this is no longer allowed
s/(\s+"lm78-)j-/$1/g;
s/(\s+"maxilife-)(cg|co|as|nba)-/$1/g;
# Simplify possible duplicates
s/("lm78-\*")(\s+"lm78-\*")+/$1/g;
s/("maxilife-\*")(\s+"maxilife-\*")+/$1/g;
# "*" is no longer a valid chip name
s/"\*"/"\*-\*"/g;
print STDERR "Processing chip section: $chip\n" if $chip and $debug;
}
# Drop references to lm78-j
elsif (m/^\s*#+.*lm78-?j/i) {
s/(lm78), lm78-?j/$1/gi;
s/(lm78)-?j/$1/gi;
}
# Drop references to vrm
elsif (m/^[\s#]*set\s+vrm\s/i
|| m/^\s*#+\s*adjust this if your vid is wrong/i
|| m/^\s*#+\s*Also, one should set vrm prior to using vid in any formula/) {
$_ = '';
}
# Drop references to pwm
elsif (m/^\s*#+\s*PWM Output/i) {
$_ = '';
}
# Feature name substitution
elsif (m/^[\s#]*(?:label|ignore|set|compute)\s+(\S+)\s/) {
if (delete_line($1)) {
# Delete references to features that are now gone
$_ = '';
} else {
# Substitute feature names
$_ = substitute_line($chip, $_);
}
}
# Formula changes (in0 -> in0_input)
if (m/^([\s#]*compute\s+\S+)(.*)/) {
$first_part = $1;
$second_part = $2;
$second_part =~ s/in(\d+)/in$1_input/gi;
$_ = "$first_part$second_part\n";
$compute_next = 1 if (m/\\$/);
} elsif ($compute_next) {
s/in(\d+)/in$1_input/gi;
$compute_next = 0 if (! m/\\$/);
} else {
$compute_next = 0;
}
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