Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah

  • Nuur Mahmudah Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari Banjarmasin
  • Khairunnisa Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari Banjarmasin
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37850/ibtida'.v5i2.817
Keywords: Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar

Abstract

Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.

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#!/usr/bin/perl
    eval 'exec /usr/bin/perl -S $0 ${1+"$@"}'
	if $running_under_some_shell;
#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;

BEGIN { pop @INC if $INC[-1] eq '.' }
use File::Find;
use Getopt::Std;
use Archive::Tar;
use Data::Dumper;

# Allow historic support for dashless bundled options
#  tar cvf file.tar
# is valid (GNU) tar style
@ARGV && $ARGV[0] =~ m/^[DdcvzthxIC]+[fT]?$/ and
    unshift @ARGV, map { "-$_" } split m// => shift @ARGV;
my $opts = {};
getopts('Ddcvzthxf:ICT:', $opts) or die usage();

### show the help message ###
die usage() if $opts->{h};

### enable debugging (undocumented feature)
local $Archive::Tar::DEBUG                  = 1 if $opts->{d};

### enable insecure extracting.
local $Archive::Tar::INSECURE_EXTRACT_MODE  = 1 if $opts->{I};

### sanity checks ###
unless ( 1 == grep { defined $opts->{$_} } qw[x t c] ) {
    die "You need exactly one of 'x', 't' or 'c' options: " . usage();
}

my $compress    = $opts->{z} ? 1 : 0;
my $verbose     = $opts->{v} ? 1 : 0;
my $file        = $opts->{f} ? $opts->{f} : 'default.tar';
my $tar         = Archive::Tar->new();

if( $opts->{c} ) {
    my @files;
    my @src = @ARGV;
    if( $opts->{T} ) {
      if( $opts->{T} eq "-" ) {
        chomp( @src = <STDIN> );
	} elsif( open my $fh, "<", $opts->{T} ) {
	    chomp( @src = <$fh> );
	} else {
	    die "$0: $opts->{T}: $!\n";
	}
    }

    find( sub { push @files, $File::Find::name;
                print $File::Find::name.$/ if $verbose }, @src );

    if ($file eq '-') {
        use IO::Handle;
        $file = IO::Handle->new();
        $file->fdopen(fileno(STDOUT),"w");
    }

    my $tar = Archive::Tar->new;
    $tar->add_files(@files);
    if( $opts->{C} ) {
        for my $f ($tar->get_files) {
            $f->mode($f->mode & ~022); # chmod go-w
        }
    }
    $tar->write($file, $compress);
} else {
    if ($file eq '-') {
        use IO::Handle;
        $file = IO::Handle->new();
        $file->fdopen(fileno(STDIN),"r");
    }

    ### print the files we're finding?
    my $print = $verbose || $opts->{'t'} || 0;

    my $iter = Archive::Tar->iter( $file );

    while( my $f = $iter->() ) {
        print $f->full_path . $/ if $print;

        ### data dumper output
        print Dumper( $f ) if $opts->{'D'};

        ### extract it
        $f->extract if $opts->{'x'};
    }
}

### pod & usage in one
sub usage {
    my $usage .= << '=cut';
=pod

=head1 NAME

ptar - a tar-like program written in perl

=head1 DESCRIPTION

ptar is a small, tar look-alike program that uses the perl module
Archive::Tar to extract, create and list tar archives.

=head1 SYNOPSIS

    ptar -c [-v] [-z] [-C] [-f ARCHIVE_FILE | -] FILE FILE ...
    ptar -c [-v] [-z] [-C] [-T index | -] [-f ARCHIVE_FILE | -]
    ptar -x [-v] [-z] [-f ARCHIVE_FILE | -]
    ptar -t [-z] [-f ARCHIVE_FILE | -]
    ptar -h

=head1 OPTIONS

    c   Create ARCHIVE_FILE or STDOUT (-) from FILE
    x   Extract from ARCHIVE_FILE or STDIN (-)
    t   List the contents of ARCHIVE_FILE or STDIN (-)
    f   Name of the ARCHIVE_FILE to use. Default is './default.tar'
    z   Read/Write zlib compressed ARCHIVE_FILE (not always available)
    v   Print filenames as they are added or extracted from ARCHIVE_FILE
    h   Prints this help message
    C   CPAN mode - drop 022 from permissions
    T   get names to create from file

=head1 SEE ALSO

L<tar(1)>, L<Archive::Tar>.

=cut

    ### strip the pod directives
    $usage =~ s/=pod\n//g;
    $usage =~ s/=head1 //g;

    ### add some newlines
    $usage .= $/.$/;

    return $usage;
}

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