Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah

  • Nuur Mahmudah Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari Banjarmasin
  • Khairunnisa Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari Banjarmasin
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37850/ibtida'.v5i2.817
Keywords: Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar

Abstract

Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.

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#! /bin/sh
# Emulate nroff with groff.
#
# Copyright (C) 1992-2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
#
# Written by James Clark.

# This file is of 'groff'.

# 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
# under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) as published
# by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.

# 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
# WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
# General Public License for more details.

# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

unset IFS

prog="$0"

# Default device.

# Check the GROFF_TYPESETTER environment variable.
Tenv=$GROFF_TYPESETTER

# Try the 'locale charmap' command first because it is most reliable.
# On systems where it doesn't exist, look at the environment variables.
case "`exec 2>/dev/null ; locale charmap`" in
  UTF-8)
    Tloc=utf8 ;;
  ISO-8859-1 | ISO-8859-15)
    Tloc=latin1 ;;
  IBM-1047)
    Tloc=cp1047 ;;
  *)
    case "${LC_ALL-${LC_CTYPE-${LANG}}}" in
      *.UTF-8)
        Tloc=utf8 ;;
      iso_8859_1 | *.ISO-8859-1 | *.ISO8859-1 | \
      iso_8859_15 | *.ISO-8859-15 | *.ISO8859-15)
        Tloc=latin1 ;;
      *.IBM-1047)
        Tloc=cp1047 ;;
      *)
        case "$LESSCHARSET" in
          utf-8)
            Tloc=utf8 ;;
          latin1)
            Tloc=latin1 ;;
          cp1047)
            Tloc=cp1047 ;;
          *)
            Tloc=ascii ;;
        esac ;;
    esac ;;
esac

# 'for i; do' doesn't work with some versions of sh

Topt=
opts=
for i
  do
  case $1 in
    -c)
      opts="$opts -P-c" ;;
    -h)
      opts="$opts -P-h" ;;
    -[eq] | -s*)
      # ignore these options
      ;;
    -[dMmrnoTwW])
      echo "$prog: option $1 requires an argument" >&2
      exit 1 ;;
    -[iptSUC] | -[dMmrnowW]*)
      opts="$opts $1" ;;
    -T*)
      Topt=$1 ;;
    -u*)
      # Solaris 2.2 through at least Solaris 9 'man' invokes
      # 'nroff -u0 ... | col -x'.  Ignore the -u0,
      # since 'less' and 'more' can use the emboldening info.
      # However, disable SGR, since Solaris 'col' mishandles it.
      opts="$opts -P-c" ;;
    -v | --version)
      echo "GNU nroff (groff) version 1.22.4"
      exit 0 ;;
    --help)
      echo "usage: nroff [-CchipStUv] [-dCS] [-MDIR] [-mNAME] [-nNUM] [-oLIST]"
      echo "             [-rCN] [-Tname] [-WNAME] [-wNAME] [FILE...]"
      exit 0 ;;
    --)
      shift
      break ;;
    -)
      break ;;
    -*)
      echo "$prog: invalid option $1" >&2
      exit 1 ;;
    *)
      break ;;
  esac
  shift
done

if test "x$Topt" != x ; then
  T=$Topt
else
  if test "x$Tenv" != x ; then
    T=-T$Tenv
  fi
fi

case $T in
  -Tascii | -Tlatin1 | -Tutf8 | -Tcp1047)
    ;;
  *)
    # ignore other devices and use locale fallback
    T=-T$Tloc ;;
esac

# Set up the 'GROFF_BIN_PATH' variable
# to be exported in the current 'GROFF_RUNTIME' environment.

GROFF_RUNTIME="${GROFF_BIN_PATH=/usr/bin}:"
export GROFF_BIN_PATH

# Load nroff-style character definitions too.

PATH="$GROFF_RUNTIME$PATH" groff -mtty-char $T $opts ${1+"$@"}

# eof

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